Setup
The player with black hat markers always takes the first turn.
The player who received the black hat markers goes first. Players then alternate turns for the rest of the game.
Turn structure
A player must place exactly one tower or dome on each turn.
On every turn, the active player must place exactly one building — either a tower (large pyramid) or a dome (small building) — onto a legal plot on the board. Placing a building is mandatory; a player cannot skip their placement action.
Turn structure
After placing a building, a player may optionally occupy one unoccupied tower.
At the end of their turn (after placing a building), the active player has the option to occupy one currently unoccupied tower on the board by covering it with one of their own hat markers (white or black). This is optional. A player may occupy any unoccupied tower on the board, not just ones they own. Each player has only 3 hat markers, so each player can occupy at most 3 towers over the course of the game.
Turn structure
Players may place their towers and domes in any order they choose.
There is no required order in which a player must place their towers versus their domes. A player may freely decide each turn whether to place a tower or a dome from their available components.
Restriction
Only one building (tower or dome) may occupy any single plot.
Each plot on a tile may contain at most one building — either a tower or a dome. Since each tile has 4 plots, a tile can theoretically hold up to 4 buildings. A building cannot be placed on an already-occupied plot.
Restriction
Domes must be placed on tiles of matching color, unless no matching plots remain.
Domes may only be placed on plots belonging to a tile of the same color (e.g., a red dome must go on a red tile). However, if no legal plots of the required color remain anywhere on the board, a dome of that color may be placed on a plot of any other color.
Restriction
The first two buildings on any tile must match the tile's color; after that, towers of any color may be placed.
The first two buildings placed on any tile must be of the same color as the tile (as indicated by the guild symbol). Once a tile already has two buildings on it, any further towers placed on that tile may be of any color. Important exception: this relaxed rule applies only to towers, not domes. Domes placed on a tile must still follow the dome color-matching rule (rule dome_color_matching) regardless of how many buildings are already on that tile.
Special
Black (Builders' Guild) tiles allow towers of any color to be placed at any time.
Black tiles are an exception to the first-two-buildings color rule. On a black tile, a tower of any color may be placed at any time, regardless of how many buildings are already on the tile. This exception applies to towers only. Domes placed on black plots must still generally be black (unless no black plots remain).